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Buy TCI (Tokyo Chemical Industries) Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) Materials | Greyhound Chromatography

TCI Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) Materials

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Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices have received much attention, because they are expected to be a next generation display and light source, thanks to lightweight and flexible organic materials. The OLED was focused on practical use, after Tang et al first observed the OLED device by use of a two layered organic thin film. Adachi et al further reported a three layered device, in which a host layer is sandwiched by hole transport and electron transport layers. In addition, they reported a two layered system, in which one layer has roles of host and electron transport properties. A five layered system including electron injection and hole injection layers has been also studied in order to improve the efficiency of carrier injection. One can control RGB colors of emission by selection of a dopant into a host layer. A suitable combination of the dopant can give a white colored device. An application using the white organic light-emitting device (WOLED) is an OLED light panel.

An amorphous material is useful for an OLED device, because it is transparent, homogeneous, isotropic and easily processible. A practical OLED device further requires excellent heat-resistance and durability. Many hole transport materials based on triphenylamine derivatives (TPD) are widely usable, because they are heat-resistant and amorphous. In addition to the TPDs, oxadiazole derivatives (PBD) having an electron transport property,9) Alq3 as a host material, and blue emissive distylyl derivatives are fundamental materials for amorphous OLED devices.

 

TCI Mitsunobu Reaction

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In 1967 Mitsunobu reported the reaction of alcohols and carboxylic acids in the presence of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) to give the corresponding esters in high yield.1) This reaction involves the activation of an alcoholic hydroxyl group and the subsequent carbon-oxygen bond cleavage caused by an attacking carboxylate anion, to give an ester with complete Waldeninversion of the alcohol stereocenter. Furthermore, carboxylic acids are not the only nucleophiles which can be used in this reaction. Imides and thiols can also be used as the nucleophilic component. This reaction constitutes one of the most important organic reactions, and it is therefore called the "Mitsunobu reaction" after its developer.

The Mitsunobu reaction has found widespread use in many fields because of its high reliability and extensive versatility. For example, searching SciFinder® for the keyword "Mitsunobu," from 1967 to today, one encounters about 4,500 related reports, indicating the high utility of this reaction. However, the generation of phosphine oxide and hydrazinedicarboxylate as by-products often makes the isolation of pure product difficult. Furthermore, the pKa of the usable acidic component must be below 13, but preferably below 11. Since the Mitsunobu reaction has its versatility, efforts have been made toward widening the utilization scope.

 

TCI Ionic Liquids

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As seen above, ionic liquids are salts, consisting of cations such as imidazolium, pyridinium, quaternary ammonium and quaternary phosphonium, and anions such as halogen, triflate, tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate, which exist in the liquid state at relatively low temperatures. Their characteristic features include almost no vapor pressure, non-flammability, non-combustibility, high thermal stability, relatively low viscosity, wide temperature ranges for being liquids, and high ionic conductivity. When an ionic liquid is used as a reaction solvent, the solute is solvated by ions only, where the reaction proceeds under quite different conditions as compared to using water or ordinary organic solvents. Hence, they are expected to exhibit unconventional reactivity, and their applications in a variety of organic reactions are being explored.

Ionic liquids containing chloroaluminate as the anion have been investigated for many years. These ionic liquids are not only used as reaction solvents, but also exhibit Lewis acid or Lewis base properties, when the ratio of cations and anions is changed. However, they can only be used under an inert atmosphere or vacuum, due to their high moisture sensitivity. On the other hand, it has been found that ionic liquids containing anions such as hexafluorophosphate form stable salts in air, which lead to the synthesis of numerous stable ionic liquids today. Furthermore, some ionic liquids have very low solubility in water and polar organic solvents. Utilization of this property enables recovery and reuse of ionic liquids, after extracting the product with an organic solvent. That can help to reduce the waste of traditional solvents which are rarely reused. Moreover, ionic liquids have attracted much attention as safe solvents, due to their low volatility.

 

TCI Building Blocks for Organic Semiconductor 

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Light and flexible organic semiconductor materials are promising for foldable electronic circuits1) and implantable biometric sensors,2) although such electronic devices are hardly obtained from silicon-based semiconductors. We have developed a printed electronics system giving large scale and highly precise devices on flexible substrates (eg. paper and film) by a printing method thanks to the solubility of organic materials. The printing method is one efficient technology for mass production and low cost production of semiconducting devices.3) Organic photovoltaics (OPV) is a photoelectric conversion device using organic semiconductors. Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices have received much attention, because they are expected to be a next generation display and light source, thanks to lightweight and flexible organic semiconductor materials. Organic semiconductor materials are mainly classified into small molecular and polymer types, and an oligomer type is a middle class between them.

 

TCI Fluorinating Agents, Building Blocks, Fluorinated Bioactive Compounds 

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TCi Logo ImageChemical Reagents Structure ImageThe introduction of fluorine into bioactive molecules often results in significant changes in their chemical, physical, and biological properties. Fluorine uniquely affects the property of organic molecules due to the fluorine atom’s blocking effect in metabolic transformations and mimicking of enzyme substrates, and then increases the molecular lipophilicity to enhance bioavailability. Approximately 30% of all agrochemicals and 20% of all pharmaceuticals contain fluorine.1) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor fluorostatin (atorvastatin), antibiotic fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin), and antitumor fluoronucleoside (tegafur) are successful examples of the introduction of fluorine into organic molecules (Fig. 1). Therefore, fluorinating agents are useful tools for the synthesis of pharmaceutical and agricultural compounds.

Since there are few naturally occurring fluorine containing compounds, it is necessary to fluorinate organic compounds at a certain stage of the syntheses. Though fluorine gas and hydrogen fluoride are used as fluorine sources, they are very toxic and corrosive and require special equipment and techniques for handling them. Therefore, alternate fluorinating agents have been developed, which are used in laboratories to easily introduce a fluorine atom at selected positions of the compounds. The fluorinating agents are roughly classified into two categories: nucleophilic and electrophilic. Nucleophilic fluorinating agents are those where the fluoride anion serves as a reaction active species. Electrophilic fluorinating agents are those where the electron-deficient fluorine atom serves as a reaction active species. In addition, a fluorinated building block is used as a fluorine source, which has both a fluorine atom and a replaceable functional group in a molecule.

 

TCI Cosmetic Materials

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TCI Logo ImageTCI Chemical StructureIn the never ending search to improve and retain their youthful appearance, more and more people are turning to cosmetic applications for their skin. In an effort to keep their skin healthy, as well as cover up blemishes and wrinkles, more people are seeking cosmetic products which contain moisturizers, whitening agents, and sunscreens. Below are listed some high quality products available from us for use in cosmetics.

 

TCI Chemical Compounds Purified by Sublimation

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Reagent purity is paramount in countless applications, and is of particular importance when involving electronic materials including polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Pentacene (P0030, P2524) and N,N’-diphenyl-N,N’-di(m-tolyl)-benzidine (D3236) in particular have garnered increased interest for their applications in organic semiconducting materials. The purification of organic compounds is almost entirely conducted via column chromatography or recrystallization. These mainstay procedures are highly effective, but are limited to compounds soluble in organic solvents.

Many electronic materials including PAHs due to their extensive π conjugation and aromaticity are poorly or completely insoluble in organic solvents. Fortunately, this very π conjugation lends to both high volatility with a relatively high sublimation temperature lending to sublimation purification being a highly effective purification avenue. To address research and industry demands, TCI has introduced several electronic materials purified by sublimation which can be readily and reliably used in a variety of research applications. 

 

TCI C-H Bond Activation Reaction

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TCI Chemical Structure ImageRecently, there have been a large number of reports on “C-H bond activation reaction”. C-H bond activation is a methodology for directly forming carbon-carbon bonds by activating a carbonhydrogen bond, which is the most fundamental linkage in organic chemistry. Traditional cross coupling reactions have been one of the most useful synthetic methods for the formation of carboncarbon bonds. However, the cross coupling reaction requires extra procedures for preparing organic halides (or triflates) compounds, and organic boron or metal compounds. On the other hand, the C-H bond activation can reduce these procedures, thus making this reaction a cost-effective and ecofriendly system.

 

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About the Author

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Susan Massie, Sales & Marketing Director, Greyhound Chromatography and Allied Chemicals Email: sue@greyhoundchrom.com

Susan Massie is the Sales & Marketing Director for Greyhound Chromatography and Allied Chemicals, affectionately known as 'Greyhound' in our scientific community. Greyhound was founded by Susan's husband Paul Massie more than 40 years ago, Susan hasn't been in the business for all of that time but has been involved with Greyhound for over 19 years. Greyhound continues to grow, expanding into new markets and taking on the challenges of our ever changing environment. It's heartwarming to witness the world waking up to the fact that we are damaging our planet on a daily basis. Every action we take has a direct effect on our planet and the world we leave behind for future generations. Susan is passionate about climate change and is happy to work in an industry that can have a direct effect on reducing the impact of our actions on the environment. All of the team at Greyhound take our responsibilities very seriously, the products that we supply are used by the world's leading scientists and chemists as they endeavour to monitor and repair the environment. All is not lost, if we all take responsibility for our actions, from reducing our waste and reusing or recycling our material collateral we can make a difference. The internet is full of useful advice and guidance, Susan is proud to contribute to that wealth of knowledge whenever she can.

Greyhound prides itself on personal service which provides prompt, efficient, cost-effective, safe delivery of all products. Greyhound provides technical advice and distribution of Certified Reference Standards and Materials, Laboratory Consumables, Solvents and Reagents across all scientific disciplines. Greyhound Chromatography offers over 1 Million products from its UK warehouse. The team at Greyhound are proud to support the work of the world's leading scientists and chemists as they challenge the abuse of our planet and try to make a difference to the world we leave behind for our ancestors.

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